Operational Capabilities Scale 运营能力量表（Wu，2010）

简介

基于战略管理和运营管理的相关理论，Wu（2010）将运营资源和运营能力区分开，并把运营能力定义为企业在运营管理系统中开发的特定的技术、流程和惯例，通过配置运营资源以解决问题。从而创造了竞争对手难以模仿的障碍，保存竞争优势。但是运营能力的测量是具有挑战性的，Wu（2010）借鉴Schein（2004）、Eisenhardt和Martin（2000）的研究成果，确定了运营能力的六个维度：运营改进（operational improvement），运营创新（operational innovation），运营定制（operational customization），运营合作（operational cooperation），运营回应（operational responsiveness）以及运营重组（operational reconfiguration）。

信度与效度

Wu（2010）从两个来源收集数据：（i）一个家庭装修产品的大型制造商，叫做HOMEIMP，以及（ii）一个主要处理运营管理问题的专业组织。 这两个来源被视为完成相同调查表单独的样本。运用网络调查，HOMEIMP样本中有62人进行了回复，APICS样本中有160人进行了回复，回复率分别为30%和6.15%。

结果表明，运用能力量表的所有分量表的内部一致性系数均大于0.73。所有题目的标准因子负荷均大于0.55。验证性因素分析表明，六因素模型的各项拟合指数达到了先定的标准：NNFI=0.95，IFI=0.96，CFI=0.96，RMSEA=0.05，χ²=153.56，df=137。

量表

请您根据自己的实际感受和体会，对下面25项描述进行评价和判断，并在最符合的数字上划○。评价和判断的标准如下： 1 非常不同意 2 不同意 3 不好确定 4 同意 5 非常同意

Operational cooperation
1.Our information system facilitates cooperation across functions.
2.Our formal procedures facilitate teamwork across functions.
3.Our employees are skilled at maintaining healthy relationships with each other to diagnose/solve problems.
4.Our employees are skilled at partnering with suppliers/clients to develop solutions for improvement.（B）

Operational customization
5.Our equipment has been used in unique ways that differentiate us from our competitors.
6.Our product design process has been modified and extended to better serve the needs of our customers.
7.Our planning systems have been modified and extended to better serve the needs of our customers.
8.Our production process has been modified and extended to gain unique positions in the market.
9.We have introduced new, internally developed materials into our employee training programs.（B）
10.We stimulate teamwork to facilitate the sharing of individual knowledge throughout the organization.

Operational responsiveness
11.We reduce uncertainty of equipment availability by quickly and easily changing the route of a job flow.
12.We adjust for unexpected variations in components and material inputs easily and quickly.
13.We adjust for unexpected variations in labor requirements easily and quickly.
14.We adjust for the unexpected changes in shipment requirements easily and quickly.（B）

Operational improvement
15.We continuously standardize production processes.
16.We continuously simplify production processes.（B）
17.We continuously reduce waste and variance.
18.We have learned from past successes and failures to improve processes continuously.

Operational innovation
19.We have created innovations that made our prevailing processes obsolete.
20.We have created innovations that fundamentally changed our prevailing processes.
21.We have created innovations that made our existing expertise in prevailing processes obsolete.

Operational reconfiguration
22.We sense/ are aware of the change of the environment.（B）
23.We adopted new and better practices to respond to market changes.
24.We reconfigure (combine/release) resources to respond to market changes.
25.We develop competence and skills to respond to market changes.

B代表：Items removed from the confirmatory factor analysis.

计分方法

运营能力量表包括运营改进、运营创新、运营定制、运营合作、运营回应以及运营重组六个分量表，共25道题，可以计算各个量表所包含题目的总分和平均分。
运营合作量表：共4道题，包括第1-4题。
运营定制量表：共6道题，包括第5-10题。
运营回应量表：共4道题，包括第11-14题。
运营改进量表：共4道题，包括第15-18题。
运营创新量表：共3道题，包括第19-21题。
运营重组量表：共4道题，包括第22-25题。

量表出处

Wu, S. J., Melnyk, S. A., & Flynn, B. B. (2010). Operational capabilities: The secret ingredient. Decision Sciences, 41(4), 721-754.

参考文献

Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership (Vol. 2). John Wiley & Sons.

Eisenhardt, K. M., & Martin, J. A. (2000). Dynamic capabilities: what are they?. Strategic management journal, 1105-1121.

友情提醒

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