Absorptive Capacity Scale 吸收能力量表(Camisón和Forés,2010)

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简介

吸收外部知识的能力对企业创新和适应竞争环境变化具有重要影响,吸收能力是一种动态能力,是企业通过管理外部知识,创造价值,并获得和维持竞争优势的能力。包括获取(acquisition)、吸纳(assimilation)、转化(transformation )和利用(exploitation)能力。

信度与效度

Camisón和Forés(2010)调查西班牙国家统计局中央公司名录中所有西班牙工业公司,共2000家公司,完成调查问卷的公司的最终数量为952个,答复率为47.6%。为了得到更好的信效度,Camisón和Forés(2010)删掉了3道题,得到16道题的量表,潜在的吸收能力(PACAP)和实现的吸收能力(RACAP)两个部分各包括8道题。

结果表明,潜在的吸收能力和实现的吸收能力量表的内部一致性系数分别为0.863和0.852,获取、吸纳、转化和利用能力四个分量表的内部一致性系数分别为0.643、0.675、0.653和0.652。Camisón和Forés(2010)分别讨论了量表的内容效度、聚合效度、区分效度和效标效度等。

量表

请您根据自己的实际感受和体会,对下面16项描述进行评价和判断,并在最符合的数字上划○。评价和判断的标准如下:
where 1 is “much worse than our competitors”, 3 is “on a par with our competitors”, and 5 is“much better than our competitors”.

1.Capacity to capture relevant, continuous and up-to-date information and knowledge on current and potential competitors.
2.Degree of management orientation towards waiting to see what happens, instead of concern for and orientation towards their environment to monitor trends continuously and wide-rangingly and to discover new opportunities to be exploited proactively.
3.Frequency and importance of cooperation with R&D organizations—universities, business schools, technological institutes, etc.—as a member or sponsor to create knowledge and innovations.
4.Effectiveness in establishing programs oriented towards the internal development of technological acquisition of competences from R&D centers,suppliers or customers.
5.Capacity to assimilate new technologies and innovations that are useful or have proven potential.
6.Ability to use employees' level of knowledge, experience and competencies in the assimilation and interpretation of new knowledge.
7.The firm benefits when it comes to assimilating the basic, key business knowledge and technologies from the successful experiences of businesses in the same industry.
8.Ability to develop knowledge management programs, guaranteeing the firm's capacity for understanding and carefully analyzing knowledge and technology from other organizations.
9.Capacity of the company to use information technologies in order to improve information flow, develop the effective sharing of knowledge and foster communication between members of the firm, including virtual meetings between professionals who are physically separated—Internet B2E portals, email, teleworking etc.
10.Firm's awareness of its competences in innovation, especially with respect to key technologies, and capability to eliminate obsolete internal knowledge, thereby stimulating the search for alternative innovations and their adaptation.
11.Capacity to adapt technologies designed by other to the firm's particular needs.
12.Degree to which firm prevents all employees voluntarily transmitting useful scientific and technological information acquired to each other.
13.The organization's capacity to use and exploit new knowledge in the workplace to respond quickly to environment changes.
14.Degree of application of knowledge and experience acquired in the technological and business fields prioritized in the firm's strategy that enables it to keep itself at the technological leading edge in the business.
15.Capacity to put technological knowledge into product and process patents.
16.Ability to respond to the requirements of demand or to competitive pressure, rather than innovating to gain competitiveness by broadening the portfolio of new products, capabilities and technology ideas.

计分方法

吸收能力量表包括获取能力、吸纳能力、转化能力和开发能力4个分量表,共16道题,可以计算各个量表所包含题目的平均分或总分。

获取能力量表:是公司定位、识别、评估和获得对其业务至关重要的外部知识的能力。共4道题,包括第1-4题。
吸纳能力量表:对所获得的新信息或知识进行分析、处理、解释、理解、内化和分类的能力。共4道题,包括第5-8题。
转化能力量表:制定和完善促进先前知识与新获得或被吸收的知识相结合的内部程序的能力。共4道题,包括第9-12题。
开发能力量表:使公司能够将获取、吸收和转化的知识纳入其内部流程中,不仅可以改进、完善、扩展和利用现有的流程、能力和知识,而且可以创造新的业务、能力、流程和组织形式的能力。共4道题,包括第13-16题。

量表出处

Camisón, C., & Forés, B. (2010). Knowledge absorptive capacity: New insights for its conceptualization and measurement. Journal of Business Research, 63(7), 707-715.

友情提醒

为方便学术研究,根据公开发表的学术成果整理而成,供学者在学术研究中使用, 商业使用请与原作者联系。为了尊重作者的劳动成果, 请根据量表出处规范引用,谢谢!