Codifiability, Teachability, and Complexity Scales 可编码性,可教性和复杂度量表
简介
跨国公司在知识的跨国家转移中发挥重要作用。Kogut & Zander (1993)通过实证研究检验了一个观点:企业专门从事隐性知识的内部转移。他们在综合前人研究的基础上,选择了最有可能影响知识转移的三个变量:可编码性(codifiability)、可教性(teachability)和复杂性(Complexity)。
可编码性是指知识可以被清楚阐述在文件中的程度。这种知识是具体的、可操作化的。
可教性是指新员工传授知识的便利程度。知识转移通常需要从原始工厂派遣工程师和工人到新厂中,以协助新厂学习专门知识技术。这些知识技术在多大程度上是可以教授的,反映了知识转移的可行性。
复杂性被定义为,知识作为一种实体或活动,其中所包含的关键和互动元素的数量。
信度与效度
Kogut & Zander (1993)总共获取了三十五项关于创新的调查问卷数据,最终量表的可靠性范围为0.678至0.785,有良好的信度。
量表
请您根据自己的实际感受和体会,用下面13项描述对您的感受进行评价和判断,并在横线上填上您认为最恰当的数字。 评价和判断的标准如下:1 非常不同意 2 不同意 3 不太确定 4 同意 5 非常同意 1.A useful manual describing our manufacturing process can be written. 2.Large parts of our manufacturing control are embodied in standard type software that we modified for our needs. 3.Large parts of our manufacturing control are embodied in software developed within our company exclusively for our use. 4.Extensive documentation describing critical parts of the manufacturing process exists in our company. 5.New manufacturing personnel can easily learn how to manufacture the product by talking to skilled manufacturing employees. 6.New manufacturing personnel can easily learn how to manufacture our product by studying a complete set of blueprints. 7.Educating and training new manufacturing personnel is a quick, easy job. 8.New manufacturing personnel know enough after a normal high school education to manufacture our product. 9.New manufacturing personnel know enough after vocational training to manufacture our product. 10.Processes for changing physical characteristics of a material (for example: chemical reactions, refinement, heat treatment). 11.Processes for changing the shape of material (for example: casting, pressing, rolling,bending) 12.Processes for giving materials certain dimensions (for example: turning, milling, drilling, sawing). 13.Processes for assembling different parts to a whole (for example: welding, soldering, gluing, screwing).
计分方法
可编码性量表共4道题,具体包括第1-4题; 可教性量表共5道题,具体包括第5-9题; 复杂性量表共4道题,具体包括第10-13题; 可以计算量表所包括题目的总分或平均分。
量表出处
Kogut, B., & Zander, U. (1993). Knowledge of the firm and the evolutionary theory of the multinational corporation. Journal of International Business Studies, 24, 625–645.
友情提醒
为方便学术研究,根据公开发表的学术成果整理而成,供学者在学术研究中使用, 商业使用请与原作者联系。为了尊重作者的劳动成果, 请根据量表出处规范引用,谢谢!