The Action Control Scale 行为控制量表（Diefendorff等，2000）
简介
Kuhl和Beckmann（1994）将行动和状态导向视为影响意志过程的个体差异性变量，与个体对目标追求的过程密切相关。行动和状态导向涉及目标的制定和维持，以及通过信息处理机制来保护已经制定的目标的能力，例如投入更多精力、抑制外来干扰和情感控制机制等。 在本研究中，Diefendorff等（2000）探索和研究了Kuhl的行动和状态导向量表的结构和测量效果，并分析了行动和状态导向与工作相关的其他变量的关系。
信度与效度
为了验证量表的测量效果，Diefendorff等（2000）共进行了6次数据收集，调查对象主要是介绍性心理学课程上的学生。共有946位参与者，其中一人有8道题没有回答，予以删除；另有17人有最多四道题没有回答，利用多远回归分析对缺失值进行处理。 验证性因素分析表明，36道题的量表的一因素、二因素、三因素和五因素模型的拟合度均达不到要求。删除一些题目，得到一个包含22道题的量表，结果表明，三因素模型具有较好的拟合度：χ2(N=945)=467.77，df=205，RMSEA=0.037、SRMR=0.087、GFI=0.97、TLI=0.90、CFI=0.91。
量表
请您根据自己的实际感受和体会，对下面36项描述进行评价和判断，并在最符合的数字上划○。评价和判断的标准如下：
每道题目都包含2个选项，其中行为导向选项计1分，状态导向选项计0分。
Preoccupation subscale
1.When I have lost something that is very valuable to me and I can't find it anywhere:(D)
A. I have a hard time concentrating on something else
B. I put it out of my mind after a little while
2.If I've worked for weeks on one project and then everything goes completely wrong with the project:
A. It takes me a long time to adjust myself to it
B. If bothers me for a while, but then I don't think about it anymore
3.When I'm in a competition and have lost every time:(D)
A. I can soon put losing out of my mind
B. The thought that I lost keeps running through my mind
4.If I had just bought a new piece of equipment (for example a tape deck) and it accidentally fell on the floor and was damaged beyond repair:
A. I would manage to get over it quickly
B. It would take me a long time to get over it
5.If I have to talk to someone about something important and, repeatedly, can't find him or her at home:
A. I can't stop thinking about it, even while I'm doing something else
B. I easily forget about it until I see the person
6.When I've bought a lot of stuff at the store and realize when I get home that I've paid too much—but I can't get my money back:(D)
A. I can't usually concentrate on anything else
B. I easily forget about it
7.When I am told that my work has been completely unsatisfactory:
A. I don't let it bother me for too long
B. I feel paralyzed
8.If I'm stuck in traffic and miss an important appointment:
A. At first, it's difficult for me to start do anything else at all
B. I quickly forget about it and do something else
9.When something is very important to me, but I can't seem to get it right:(D)
A. I gradually lose heart
B. I just forget about it and do something else
10.When something really gets me down:
A. I have trouble doing anything at all
B. I find it easy to distract myself by doing other things
11.When several things go wrong on the sameday:
A. I usually don't know how to deal with it
B. I just keep on going as though nothing had happened
12.When I have put all my effort into doing a really good job on something and the whole thing doesn't workout:
A. I don't have too much difficulty starting something else
B. I have trouble doing anything else at all
Hesitation subscale
13.When I know I must finish something soon:
A. I have to push myself to get started
B. I find it easy to get it done and over with
14.When I don't have anything in particular to do and I am getting bored:
A. I have trouble getting up enough energy to do anything at all
B. I quickly find something to do
15.When I am getting ready to tackle a difficult problem:
A. It feels like I am facing a big mountain that I don't think I can climb
B. I look for a way that the problem can be approached in a suitable manner
16.When I have to solve a difficult problem:
A. I usually don't have a problem getting started on it
B. I have trouble sorting things out in my head so that I can get down to working on the problem
17.When I have to make up my mind about what I am going to do when I get some unexpected free time:(D)
A. It takes me a long time to decide what I should do during this free time
B. I can usually decide on something to do without having to think it over very much
18.When I have work to do at home:(D)
A. It is often hard for me to get the work done
B. I usually get it done right away
19.When I have a lot of important things to do and they must all be done soon:
A. I often don't know where to begin
B. I find it easy to make a plan and stick with it
20.When there are two things that I really want to do, but I can't do both of them:(D)
A. I quickly begin one thing and forget about the other thing I couldn't do
B. It's not easy for me to put the other thing I couldn't do out of my mind
21.When I have to take care of something important which is also unpleasant:
A. I do it and get it over with
B. It can take a while before I can bring myself to it
22.When I am facing a big project that has to be done:
A. I often spend too long thinking about where I should begin
B. I don't have any problems getting started
23.When I have a boring assignment:(D)
A. I usually don't have any problem getting through it
B. I sometimes can't get moving on it
24.When I have an obligation to do something that is boring and uninteresting:
A. I do it and get it over with
B. It can take a while before I can bring myself to do it
Volatility subscale
25.When I have learned a new and interesting game:
A. I quickly get tired of it and do something else
B. I can really get into it for a long time
26.When I'm working on something that's important to me:(D)
A. I still like to do other things in between working on it
B. I get into it so much that I can work on it for a long time
27.When I'm watching a really good movie:(D)
A. I get so involved in the film that I don't even think of doing anything else
B. I often want to get something else to do while I'm watching the move
28.When I have been busy for a long time doing something interesting (for example, reading a book or working on a project):(D)
A. I sometimes think about whether what I'm doing is really worthwhile
B. I usually get so involved in what I'm doing that I never think to ask whether it's worthwhile
29.When I read an article in the newspaper that interests me:
A. I usually remain so interested in the article that I read the entire article
B. I still often skip to another article before I've finished the first one
30.When I'm on vacation and having a good time:(D)
A. After a while, I really feel like doing something completely different
B. I don't even think about doing anything else until the end of vacation
31.When one of my co-workers brings up an interesting topic for discussion:
A. It can easily develop into a long conversation
B. I soon lose interest and want to go do something else
32.When I am busy working on an interesting project:
A. I need to take frequent breaks and work on other projects
B. I can keep working on the same project for a long time
33.When I am having an interesting conversation with someone at a party:(D)
A. I can talk to him or her the entire evening
B. I prefer to go do something else after a while
34.When it turns out that I am much better at a game than the other players:(D)
A. I usually feel like doing something else
B. I really like to keep playing
35.When I read something I find interesting:
A. I sometimes still want to put the article down and do something else
B. I will sit and read the article for a long time
36.When I am trying to learn something new that I want to learn:
A. I'll keep at it for a long time
B. I often feel like I need to take a break and go do something else for a while
(D)代表修订后删除的题目。
计分方法
行为控制量表包括全神关注（Preoccupation）、犹豫不决（Hesitation）和反复无常（Volatility ）三个分量表，共36道题（修订版22道题），每个分量表12道题，可以计算各个量表所包含题目的总分和平均分。
全神关注量表：共12道题，包括第1-12题。
犹豫不决量表：共12道题，包括第13-24题。
反复无常量表：共12道题，包括第25-36题。
量表出处
Diefendorff, J. M., Hall, R. J., Lord, R. G., & Strean, M. L. (2000). Action-State Orientation: Construct Validity of a Revised Measure and Its Relationship to Work-Related Variables. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(2), 250-263.
参考文献
Kuhl, J., & Beckmann, J. (Eds.).(1994).Volition and personality: Action versus state orientation. Seattle, WA: Hogrefe & Huber.
友情提醒
为方便学术研究，根据公开发表的学术成果整理而成，供学者在学术研究中使用， 商业使用请与原作者联系。为了尊重作者的劳动成果， 请根据量表出处规范引用，谢谢！
