“Psychological Contract Scales 心理契约量表(Dabos和Rousseau,2004)”的版本间的差异

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2017年7月16日 (日) 11:30的版本

简介

雇佣中的心理契约是指一种个体及其雇主持有关于交换的一致意见的信念,这种信念由雇佣前的一些因素(如价值、动机),雇佣中的经历(如社会化的实践),以及更宽广的社会情景(如规范)所形塑。当员工和雇主就契约达成同意时,他们将来的交换就会发展成为可由双方、促进计划、协调和绩效所预测的行为(Rousseau,1995)。

信度与效度

Dabos和Rousseau(2004)调查了来自拉美地区的16所生物科学研究中心的研究导师及其下属。总共有107名全职员工参加了调查,96名完成调查(回复率为89.72%)。平均每个研究中心有一位导师、6.69名成员参与了调查。心理契约量表(Psychological Contract Scales)在Rousseau(2000)的心理契约清单(Psychological Contract Inventory,PCI)的基础上改编而来,通过评估(a)导师在什么程度上向员工做出承诺或承认了义务,以及(b)员工在什么程度上也向导师做出了承诺或承认了义务。所有的项目使用李克特五点量表的形式来回答,1=一点也不(not at all),5=在很大程度上(to a great extent)。参与者回答两组问题,每组12个题项,包括三种类型的心理契约:交易型的(transactional),关系型的(relational),以及平衡型的(balanced)。
首先对员工进行调查,测量导师对他们的责任。对24个题项中的23个题项(其中一个平衡型项目结果显示对受访者不清晰所以从分析中剔除)进行探索性因子分析,结果与PCI量表原始版本的六个期望因子相一致,特征值大于0.1,项目的载荷大于0.4。导师交易型(director transactional)、导师关系型(director relational)、导师平衡型(director balanced)的初始特征根分别为0.85、2.84、8.40,conbrach’s alpha系数分别为0.85、0.92、0.94。科学家交易型(scientist transactional)、科学家关系型(scientist relational)、科学家平衡型(scientist balanced)的初始特征根分别为1.61、1.27、1.11,conbrach’s alpha系数分别为0.82、0.79、0.78。
然后对导师进行调查,测量员工对导师的责任。经过因子分析,该部分量表现实三个因子,导师交易型(director transactional)、导师关系型(director relational)、导师平衡型(director balanced)的conbrach’s alpha 分别为0.86、0.87、0.87。

量表

Staff scientist scale(S)
Consider your relationship with (name of the director). To what extent have you made the following commitments or obligations to (name of the scientist)? 1=not at all, 5=to g great extent.
Director transactional (S)
1.Limited involvement in the research center and other organizational matters
2.Makes no commitments to retain me as center scientist in the future
3.Research collaboration for a specified time period only
4.A job limited to specific, well-defined research responsibilities
Director relational (S)
5.Concern for my short- and long-term personal welfare
6.Stability within the research center
7.Make research decisions with my interests in mind
8.Stable benefits and resources for my research work
Director balanced (S)
9.Support me to attain the highest possible levels of research productivity
10.Contacts that facilitate opportunities for scholarly development inside and outside the university
11.Help me respond to ever greater scientific challenges within the field
12.Opportunities for scholarly development within the field
Scientist Transactional(S)
13.Fulfill limited number of research responsibilities
14.I have made no commitments to the center director regarding future research collaborations
15.Work in this research center for a limited time only
16.Only perform specific research activities for which I am compensated
Scientist Relational(S)
17.Remain with this research center indefinitely
18.Be loyal to this research center and protect its image
19.Be a steady research center scientist, without looking for a job elsewhere
Commit myself personally to this research center (ns item)
Scientist Balanced(S)
20.Actively seek opportunities for scholarly training and development
21.Build contacts inside and outside the university to enhance my scholarly career potential
22.Accept increasingly challenging performance standards in research
23.Take personal responsibility for making this research center more successful (dropped item)
Research director scale
Consider your relationship with (name of the scientist). To what extent have you made the following commitments or obligations to (name of the scientist)? 1=not at all, 5=to g great extent.
Director Transactional (D)
1.Limit scientist’s job to a set of specific, well-defined research responsibilities
2.Makes no commitments to retain this scientist within the research center in the future
3.Limit scientists’ involvement in the research center and other organizational matters
Director Relational (D)
4.Stability within the research center
5.Concern for scientist’s short- and long-term personal welfare
Director Balanced (D)
6.Support scientist to attain the highest possible levels of research productivity
7.Provide opportunities for scholarly development within the field

计分方法

心理契约量表总共包括两部分,一是针对员工科学家的量表(psychological contract scales for staff scientists, S)和针对研究导师的量表(psychological contract scales for research directors, D)。所有的项目使用李克特五点量表的形式来回答,1=一点也不(not at all),5=在很大程度上(to a great extent),计算平均分。
针对员工科学家的量表包括六个维度:
导师交易型(director transactional):指在心理契约的狭义和短期方面,导师对科学家(员工)的责任义务,由员工评估。
导师关系型(director relational):指在心理契约的忠诚和稳定方面,导师对科学家(员工)的责任义务, 由员工评估。
导师平衡型(director balanced):指在心理契约的动态绩效和职业发展方面,导师对科学家(员工)的责任义务, 由员工评估。
科学家交易型(scientist transactional):指在心理契约的狭义和短期方面,科学家(员工)对导师的责任义务,由员工评估。
科学家关系型(scientist relational):指在心理契约的忠诚和稳定方面,科学家(员工)对导师的责任义务, 由员工评估。
科学家平衡型(scientist balanced):指在心理契约的动态绩效和职业发展方面,科学家(员工)对导师的责任义务, 由员工评估。
针对研究导师的量表包括三个维度:
导师交易型(director transactional):指导师对科学家(员工)的交易型义务,由导师评估。
导师关系型(director relational):指导师对科学家(员工)的关系型义务,由导师评估。
导师平衡型(director balanced):指导师对科学家(员工)的平衡型义务,由导师评估。

量表出处

Dabos, G. E., & Rousseau, D. M. (2004). Mutuality and reciprocity in the psychological contracts of employee and employers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 52–72.

参考文献

Rousseau,D.M.(1995)Psychological contracts in organizations: understanding written and unwritten agreements. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Rousseau, D. M. (2000). Psychological contract inventory (Tech. Rep. No. 2000–2).Pittsburgh: Heinz School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University.

友情提醒

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