“Self-efficacy and Behavioral Intentions Scales 自我效能和行为意图量表”的版本间的差异

2017年7月6日 (四) 20:55的最新版本

简介

计划行为理论认为，从习惯和理性行动的视角来看，人们的过往会对将来的行为产生影响，家庭经历对人们在生活中的价值观、态度和行为会构成强大的社会影响力（Ajzen，2002）。 Carr和Sequeira（2007）使用308个人的样本研究了对初创企业的态度、家庭支持感、创业的自我效能感（Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy ，ESE）对企业家创业意图的调解效应，并开发了相应变量的测量方法。这些规范反映了个人对外部社会压力的看法，对个体从事或不从事特定行为的意图，即行为意图（Behavioral Intent），具有预测作用。自我效能感（Self-efficacy）代表个体对于相信自己能够成功完成某项目标的信心(Bandura, 1977)。

信度与效度

样本来源于美国西南部一个大型城市，包括来自不同种族、技术背景、企业、社区的成员。受访者通过网站或电子邮件方式填答问卷，总共联系了679名受访者，回收问卷389份，有效问卷为308份，有效回复率约为45%。创业自我效能量表的Cronbach's alpha=0.96。

量表

一、Self-efficacy Scale

请您根据自己的实际感受和体会，用下面26项描述对您的感受进行评价和判断，并在最符合的数字上划○。

评价和判断的标准如下：采用李克特五点计分法，1 = very little confidence to 5 = complete confidence

How much confidence do you have in your ability to…”
1. Work long hours in my business
2. Train employees
3. Save or personally accumulate the necessary capital to fund my business
4. Recognize a business opportunity before others do
5. Read and interpret financial statements
6. Delegate tasks and responsibilities to employees in my business
7. Organize and maintain the financial records of my business
8. Inspire, encourage, and motivate my employees
9. Deal effectively with day-to-day problems and crises
10. Recruit and hire employees
11. Prepare projected (pro-forma) financial statements (e.g.balance sheets) without assistance
12. Design an effective marketing/advertising campaign for a new product or service
13. Identify the need for a new product or service
14. Get others to identify with and believe in my vision & plans for a new business
15. Manage the financial assets of my business
16. Gain the confidence and trust of people who do not know me very well
17. Design a product or service that will satisfy customer needs and wants
18. Supervise employees
19. Find individuals with the necessary capital to fund my business
20. Estimate customer demand for a new product or service
21. Design appropriate incentives & rewards for my employees
22. Clearly and concisely explain verbally/in writing my business idea in everyday terms
23. Brainstorm (come up with) a new idea for a product or service
24. Estimate the amount of start-up funds and working capital necessary to start my business
25. Network-i.e. make contact with and exchange information with others
26. Determine a competitive price for a new product or service

二、Intentions Scale

请您根据自己的实际感受和体会，用下面6项描述对您的感受进行评价和判断，并用yes或no来回答。

1. Have you filed for a tax identification number in order to start a full-time business?
2. Are you in the process of developing a product or service?
3. Are you in the process of putting together a start-up team?
4. Are you looking for a building or equipment for the business?
5. Are you in the process of writing a business plan?
6. Have you begun saving money to invest in the business?

计分方法

自我效能量表立足于创业情境，使用李克特五点计分法计算平均分。

行为意图量表同样是针对创业情境，回答“是”计为1分，回答“否”极为0分，总和值范围从0到6。

量表出处

Carr, J. C., & Sequeira, J. M. (2007). Prior family business exposure as intergenerational influence and entrepreneurial intent: A theory of planned behavior approach. Journal of Business Research, 60, 1090–1098.

参考文献

Ajzen, I. (2002), Residual effects of past on later behavior: habituation and reasoned action perspectives. Personality and Social Psychological Review, 6(2):107–22.

Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Advances in Behaviour Research & Therapy, 1(4), 139-161.

友情提醒

为方便学术研究，根据公开发表的学术成果整理而成，供学者在学术研究中使用， 商业使用请与原作者联系。为了尊重作者的劳动成果， 请根据量表出处规范引用，谢谢！