查看“Dynamic Capabilities Questionnaire 动态能力问卷（Pavlou & El Sawy，2011）”的源代码

== 简介 ==
管理者在动荡环境中面临的主要挑战是迅速做出正确的决定。动态能力理论可以帮助管理人员拓展、优化和重组现有的技能，以更好地应对动荡的环境。动态能力理论兼顾企业的内部和外部来考察企业战略问题,同时将一些新的资产——制度资产、市场资产也纳入到研究的范围；该理论指出,企业可以通过学习获取和使用外部能力(市场中及其它企业的公共资源和部分战略资源) ,从而更好地保持企业竞争优势对市场环境的敏感性。

然而，如果无法有效地测量动态能力，管理人员在动荡环境中很难做出正确的决策。Pavlou & El Sawy（2011）回顾动力能力相关文献，确定了感知环境、学习、协调和整合的四种能力，同时提出了一个结构模型。

== 信度与效度 ==
Pavlou & El Sawy（2011）研究的情景是新产品的开发（new product development，NPD），使用相同的测量方式和数据收集方法进行了两次调查。研究对象主要是新产品开发经理，研究1包括386位参与者，研究2包括161位参与者，最终各有121位（39%）和59位（43%）参与者回复了调查。
结果表明，动态能力量表的内部一致性系数为0.91，四个分量表：感知环境能力、学习能力、整合能力和协调能力的内部一致性系数分别为0.78、0.88、0.84和0.85。探索性因素分析表明，所有的因子负荷均大于0.60。验证性因素分析表明，χ<sup>2</sup>=1067,χ<sup>2</sup>/df = 1.44，GFI=0.91，AGFI=0.90，NFI=0.95，CFI=0.97，RMR=0.04。


== 量表 ==
请您根据自己的实际感受和体会，用下面19项描述对您对组织的感受进行评价和判断，并在最符合的数字上划○。评价和判断的标准如下：
1 非常不同意 2 不同意 3 不好确定 4 同意 5 非常同意<br>
Instructions: “Please rate the effectiveness by which your work unit reconfigures its operational capabilities in the NPD process to address rapidly-changing environments relative to your major competitors.”

Sensing capability<br>
1.We frequently scan the environment to identify new business opportunities.<br>
2.We periodically review the likely effect of changes in our business environment on customers.<br>
3.We often review our product development efforts to ensure they are in line with what the customers want.<br>
4.We devote a lot of time implementing ideas for new products and improving our existing products.<br>

Learning capability<br>
5.We have effective routines to identify, value, and import new information and knowledge.<br>
6.We have adequate routines to assimilate new information and knowledge.<br>
7.We are effective in transforming existing information into new knowledge.<br>
8.We are effective in utilizing knowledge into new products.<br>
9.We are effective in developing new knowledge that has the potential to influence product development.<br>

Integrating capability<br>
10.We are forthcoming in contributing our individual input to the group.<br>
11.We have a global understanding of each other’s tasks and responsibilities.<br>
12.We are fully aware who in the group has specialized skills and knowledge relevant to our work.<br>
13.We carefully interrelate our actions to each other to meet changing conditions.<br>
14.Group members manage to successfully interconnect their activities.<br>

Coordinating capability<br>
15.We ensure that the output of our work is synchronized with the work of others.<br>
16.We ensure an appropriate allocation of resources (e.g., information, time, reports) within our group.<br>
17.Group members are assigned to tasks commensurate with their task-relevant knowledge and skills.<br>
18.We ensure that there is compatibility between group members expertise and work processes.<br>
19.Overall, our group is well coordinated.<br>

== 计分方法 ==
动态能力量表包括感知环境能力、学习能力、整合能力和协调能力四个分量表，共19道题，可以计算量表所包含题目的总分和平均分。<br>
感知环境能力量表：共4道题，包括第1-4题。<br>
学习能力量表：共5道题，包括第5-9题。<br>
协调能力量表：共5道题，包括第10-14题。<br>
整合能力量表：共4道题，包括第15-19题。<br>

== 量表出处 ==
Pavlou, P. A., & El Sawy, O. A. (2011). Understanding the elusive black box of dynamic capabilities. Decision Sciences, 42(1), 239-273.

== 友情提醒 ==
为方便学术研究，根据公开发表的学术成果整理而成，供学者在学术研究中使用， <b><font color="red">商业使用请与原作者联系</font></b>。为了尊重作者的劳动成果， <b><font color="blue">请根据量表出处规范引用</font></b>，谢谢！

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