Bi-directional Scale of Work-Family Conflict（双方向工作-家庭冲突问卷）

分享人：赵新元

简介

员工工作家庭关系及其组织治理研究自70年代以来，逐渐引起组织行为和人力资源领域的重视(例如：Beigi, Wang, & Arthur, 2017; Hall, 1972; Rizzo, House, & Lirtzman, 1970)。其中，工作家庭冲突由于潜在的负面影响，最早被关注，成为比较典型的研究对象(Greenhaus & Beutell, 1985; Shamir, 1983)。相关研究依据角色理论(Kahn, Wolfe, Quinn, Snoek, & Rosenthal, 1964)、资源保存理论(Hobfoll, 1989)、边界理论(Ashforth, Kreiner, & Fugate, 2000; Clark, 2000)等多来源理论视角，揭示多种内在维度，因此开发出不同量表(例如：Carlson, Kacmar, & Williams, 2000)。其中，Grandey等人(2005)在纵断型研究中，摘取Small和Riley(1990)所开发工作溢出量表的部分问题，聚焦于时间型和精力型，从工作对家庭的影响（Work Interfering with Family；WIF）和家庭对工作的影响（Family Interfering with Work；FIW）双方向，衡量工作家庭冲突，由员工和配偶分别回答。Grandey等人开发的量表长度比较精简，而且内部维度又存在一定变化，适合于研究工作家庭冲突前因后果等内容。

信度与效度

针对酒店业一线服务员工的系列调研数据，来自在珠江三角洲21家高星级酒店所回收的1116份问卷（综合有效回收率=83.1%）。工作对家庭的影响（Work Interfering with Family；WIF）：α = 0.774，Composite Reliability (CR) = 0.858，Average Variance Extracted (AVE) = 0.502。家庭对工作的影响（Family Interfering with Work；FIW）：α = 0.744，Composite Reliability (CR) = 0.836，Average Variance Extracted (AVE) = 0.533；其中，第11题（反向问题）的因子载荷较低（0.217）。双因素模型的验证性因子分析结果：χ²(31) = 38.933（p = 0.155），GFI = 0.994，AGFI = 0.987，NFI = 0.988，IFI = 0.998，TLI = 0.996，CFI = 0.998，RMSEA = 0.015；各项拟合指数均达到有关标准，支持双因素结构。

量表

请根据您个人的情况回答以下问题，在与您看法最一致的数字上划圈，或打“√”。（1=非常反对，4=既不同意也不反对，7=非常同意）
（1）我的工作太忙了，没有时间和我的家人在一起。
（2）下班后，我太累了，常常做不了什么家务事。
（3）工作时间长得经常妨碍我照顾家里。
（4）我下班回到家，经常筋疲力尽，不能承担自己的家庭义务。
（5）我经常加班，回到家干不了多少家务事。
（6）我下班回家，疲惫不堪，做不了家务事。
（7）家务缠身，使我难于做好本职工作。
（8）家务负担太重，限制了我工作的时间。
（9）老是担心家里发生了什么事，使我难于安心工作。
（10）我做完家务后已经很疲倦了，所以没有精力去工作。
（11）我的家庭生活和谐，使我能更好工作。（反向编码）

下载WORD版问卷：文件:BWFI.docx

计分方法

双方向工作家庭冲突问卷包括：工作对家庭的影响（Work Interfering with Family；WIF）和家庭对工作的影响（Family Interfering with Work；FIW）两个分量表，可以计算每个分量表所包括题目的总分或平均分。每个分量表包括的题目如下：

（1）工作对家庭的影响（Work Interfering with Family；WIF）：总共6道题项，包括：1 – 6题。

（2）家庭对工作的影响（Family Interfering with Work；FIW）：总共5道题项，包括：7 – 11题，其中第11题为反向问题。

研究比较

根据Hassan等人的做法(2010)，赵新元等人(2014)比较了使用双方向工作家庭冲突量表(Grandey et al., 2005)的研究结果（下表1）。来自Social Science Citation Index和PsycINFO两个数据库的13项研究曾使用该量表。这些研究的量度都转化到7点尺度。

量表出处

Zhao, X., Qu, H., & Ghiselli, R. (2011). Examining the relationship of work–family conflict to job and life satisfaction: A case of hotel sales managers. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(1), 46-54. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.04.010

本量表由中山大学赵新元老师提供，在此致谢！

参考文献

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Beigi, Mina, Wang, Jia, & Arthur, Michael B. (2017). Work–family interface in the context of career success: A qualitative inquiry. Human Relations.

Carlson, Dawn S., Kacmar, K. Michele, & Williams, Larry J. (2000). Construction and Initial Validation of a Multidimensional Measure of Work–Family Conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56(2), 249-276. doi: 10.1006/jvbe.1999.1713

Chen, Ching-Fu, & Kao, Ya-Ling. (2011). The antecedents and consequences of job stress of flight attendants - Evidence from Taiwan. Journal of Air Transport Management, 17, 253-255. doi: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2011.01.002

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Grandey, Alicia A., Cordeiro, Bryanne L., & Crouter, Ann C. (2005). A longitudinal and multi-source test of the work-family conflict and job satisfaction relationship. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78(3), 305-323. doi: 10.1348/096317905X26769

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Hassan, Zaiton, Dollard, Maureen F., & Winefield, Anthony H. (2010). Work-family conflict in East vs. West countries. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 17(1), 30-49. doi: 10.1108/13527601011016899

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Karimi, Leila. (2009). Do female and male employees in Iran experience similar work-family interference, job, and life satisfaction? Journal of Family Issues, 30(1), 124-142. doi: 10.1177/0192513X08324973

Kinnunen, Ulla, Feldt, Taru, Mauno, Saija, & Rantanen, Johanna. (2010). Interface between work and family: A longitudinal individual and crossover perspective. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83, 119-137. doi: 10.1348/096317908X399420

Matsch, Mahlia A., Sachau, Daniel A., Gertz, Jessica, & Englert, David R. (2009). Perceptions of work-life balance among military law enforcement personnel and their spouses. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 24(2), 113-119. doi: 10.1007/s11896-009-9046-y

Namasivayam, Karthik, & Zhao, Xinyuan. (2007). An Investigation of the Moderating Effects of Organizational Commitment on the Relationships between Work-Family Conflicts and Job Satisfaction among Hospitality Employees in India. Tourism Management, 28, 1212-1223. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2006.09.021

Post, Corinne, DiTomaso, Nancy, Farris, George F., & Cordero, Rene. (2009). Work-family conflict and turnover intentions among scientists and engineers working in R & D. Journal of Business and Psychology, 24(1), 19-32. doi: 10.1007/s10869-009-9089-1

Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I. (1970). Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15(2), 150-163.

Rode, Joseph C., Rehg, Michael T., Near, Janet P., & Underhill, John R. (2007). The effect of work/family conflict on intention to quit: The mediating roles of job and life satisfaction. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 2, 65-82. doi: 10.1007/s11482-007-9030-6

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Zhao, Xinyuan, Qu, Hailin, & Ghiselli, Richard. (2011). Examining the relationship of work–family conflict to job and life satisfaction: A case of hotel sales managers. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(1), 46-54. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.04.010

Zhao, Xinyuan, Qu, Hailin, & Liu, Jingyan. (2014). An investigation into the relationship between hospitality employees’ work–family conflicts and their leisure intentions. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 55(4), 408-421. doi: 10.1177/1938965513517171

友情提醒

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