查看“Mental Model Scale 心智模型量表”的源代码

== 简介 ==
团队心理模型（Team mental models,MMs）是指团队成员对所共享的知识的有组织的理解或心理表征，团队成员共享共同的心理模型在一定程度上能够更好地执行重要的团队流程最近的实证研究发现共享的心理模型（shared mental models，SMM）、团队流程和绩效结果之间存在积极的关系，在此基础上，Smith-Jentsch等（2005）研究制定了心理模型的测量方法。

== 信度与效度 ==
Smith-Jentsch等(2005)研究了两种类型的共享心理模型（shared mental models，SMM）之间的联系，即位置目标相互依赖性（positional-goal interdependencies）和提示策略关联（cue-strategy associations）在空中交通管制（air traffic controller, ATC）环境中的有效性。样本数据来自306个来自空中交通管制员。


研究者设计了依托于ATC环境的测量方式，含有位置目标相互依赖性和提示策略关联两个量表。在位置目标相互依赖性量表中，包含3个维度，4个项目涉及地方相互依赖关系（local-ground interdependencies，alpha=0.88），3个项目涉及地方相互依赖关系（local-approach interdependencies，alpha = 0.86），4个项目涉及地方-出发相互依赖关系（local-departure interdependencies，alpha=0.90）。在提示策略关联量表中，呈现了六项潜在的能够有效解决四个环境条件下重大事件的战略，如基地情况，基本情况加上三个环境线索中的任意一种。

== 量表 ==
<pre>
一、Positional-Goal Interdependencies Mental Model Measure 

请您根据自己的实际感受和体会，用下面11项描述对您的感受进行评价和判断，并在最符合的数字上划○。

评价和判断的标准如下：-2(strong negative impact) through 0 (no impact) to 2 (strong positive impact).

At this facility, as local control takes steps to minimize delays in landings,a what impact can this have on ground’s, approach’s, and departure’s ability to. . .
1．Minimize delays in moving inbound aircraft from the runways to the ramp
2．Minimize delays in moving outbound aircraft from the ramp to the runways
3．Efficiently move ground vehicles about the airport
4．Safely manage the movement of ground vehicles about the airport
5．Maintain separations between inbound and outbound aircraft
6．Maintain standard separation for inbound aircraft
7．Expeditiously sequence and vector aircraft received from the center
8．Maintain standard separation for outbound aircraft
9．Expedite air traffic to its outbound route
10．Expeditiously sequence and vector aircraft entering the center’s airspace
11．Maintain separation between inbound and outbound aircraft

二、Cue-Strategy Association Mental Model Measure
请您根据自己的实际感受和体会，用下面11项描述对您的感受进行评价和判断，并在最符合的数字上划○。

评价和判断的标准如下：11-point scales ranging from 0% (likelihood of success) to 100% (likelihood of success).

Rate the likelihood that the following strategies would be successful in resolving the situation.

1. Try using a battery-operated backup radio
2. Ask Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) to warn the airborne plane
3. Ask TRACON to warn the aircraft on the runway
4. Try using an emergency frequency
5. Try using a light gun
6. Try communicating from another position</pre>

== 计分方法 ==
心智模型量表总共包括Ground（1-4题）、Approach（5-7题）、Departure（8-11题）三个维度，共计11个题项。要求受访者评估与本地控制有关的每个项目的影响，位置目标相互依赖性使用5级李克特量表，从“-2：强负面影响”到“0：无影响”再到“2：强正面影响”。通过平均值来计算每一个分量表的分数。

提示策略关联量表共计6个题项，从0％（成功的可能性）到100％（成功的可能性），以10％的增量，测量成功的可能性。

== 量表出处 ==
Smith-Jentsch., K. A., Mathieu, J. E., & Kraiger, K. (2005). Investigating linear and interactive effects of shared mental models on safety and efficiency in a field setting. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 523–535.

== 参考文献 ==
Klimoski, R., & Mohammed, S. (1994). Team mental model: Construct or metaphor? Journal of Management, 20, 403–437.

Smith-Jentsch, K. A., Baker, D. P., Salas, E., & Cannon-Bowers, J. A.(2001). Uncovering differences in team competency requirements: The case of air traffic control teams. In E. Salas, C. A. Bowers, & E. Edens (Eds.), Improving teamwork in organizations: Applications of resource management training (pp. 31–54). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

== 友情提醒 ==
为方便学术研究，根据公开发表的学术成果整理而成，供学者在学术研究中使用， <b><font color="red">商业使用请与原作者联系</font></b>。为了尊重作者的劳动成果， <b><font color="blue">请根据量表出处规范引用</font></b>，谢谢！

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