查看“Coping Strategies Scale 应对策略量表”的源代码

==简介==
应对被认为是对于感知到的压力的反应，被定义为“持续地转变认知和行为以实现外部或者内部要求，这些要求往往是剥削或者超过个人所具有的资源。” (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984, p. 141) 。分析对应对清单的回应是测量应对最常用的方法。三种应对方法在理论和实践中被重复提及：(a)情绪管理，通过避免处理问题来减少紧张感；(b)重新评估问题，重新评估事件带来的压力；(c)解决问题，积极直面问题(cf. Billings & Moos, 1981; Holahan &Moos, 1987;Menaghan, 1982). 一些学者的研究也表明, 积极应对策略将减轻压力源的负面影响, 逃避应对策略则可能增强压力源的负面影响(Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010)。

积极应对策略通常包含有效识别压力源, 并采取有效方式应对及消除不利环境, 其方式包括问题导向的应对、寻求支持、情绪调节及认知重构等(Lazarus & Folkman, 1987)。在压力源影响下, 采用积极应对策略的个体将更能有效调节自身行为与情绪反应(Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010)。逃避应对策略意味着个体采用心理或情感上逃避的方式(如避免思考工作、假想情况得到解决等)应对压力, 甚至直接回避压力源。

==信度与效度==
本研究采用方便抽样方式收集调查问卷, 问卷发放对象为华南地区的 9 家大型企业集团。这 9 家大型企业集团分布在广州、深圳、东莞、佛山及惠州, 涉及金融、机械制造、生物医药、建筑、服装、餐饮等多个行业。样本企业成立时间均为 5 年以上,员工规模均超过 300 名。调研总共发放问卷 400 份, 对员工及直接主管问卷进行配对, 最终获得 249 份有效问卷, 总有效回收率为 62.3%。

积极应对策略和逃避应对策略的量表均来自于 Long (1990)的研究, 积极应对策略量表包含 11 个条目, 逃避应对策略量表包含 17 个条目。本研究中积极应对和逃避应对测量的内部一致性系数分别为 0.92、 0.96。

==量表==
请您根据自己的实际感受和体会，用下面的28项描述对自身情况进行评价和判断，并在最符合的数字上划○。评价和判断的标准如下：0 完全不同意 1有点不同意  2有点同意  3 非常同意
<br>1. Talked the problem over with colleagues.
<br>2. Tried to get the person responsible to change his or her mind.
<br>3. Talked to someone to find out more about the situation.
<br>4. Confronted my supervisor with problems.
<br>5. Talked to someone who could do something concrete about the problem.
<br>6. Took a big chance or did something very risky.
<br>7. Talked to someone about how I was feeling.
<br>8. Stood my ground and fought for what I wanted
<br>9. Came up with a couple of different solutions to the problem
<br>10. I went over in my mind what I would say or do.
<br>11. I thought about how a person I admired would handle this situation and used that as a model.
<br>12. Left work as soon as possible
<br>13. Criticized or lectured myself.
<br>14. Hoped a miracle would happen.
<br>15. Went along with fate; sometimes I just have bad luck.
<br>16. Slept more than usual.
<br>17. I tried to forget the whole thing.
<br>18. Tried to make myself feel better by eating, drinking, smoking, using drugs or medication, etc.
<br>19. Took it out on other people.
<br>20. Wished that I could change what happened or how I felt.
<br>21. I daydreamed or imagined a better time or place than the one I was in.
<br>22. Wished that the situation would go away or somehow be over with.
<br>23. Had fantasies or wishes about how things might turn out.
<br>24. Had a good cry.
<br>25. Expressed my irritation and frustration to myself.
<br>26. Avoided being with people in general.
<br>27. Avoided other staff members.
<br>28. Expressed my irritation and frustration by swearing, slamming things down and crumpling paper, and so forth.

下载WORD版问卷：[[文件:CS.docx]]

<br>注：此研究中为了确保中英文版本的一致性，采用了标准的双向翻译程序。但因期刊中并未直接列出量表，所以此处列出量表出处Long(1990)开发的应对量表原文。其中原量表为三部分，除积极应对策略和消极应策略对外，还包括重新评估问题的应对策略。

==计分方法==
应对策略量表分为积极应对和消极应对量表两部分，可以计算每部分题目的总分或平均分。其中积极应对策略量表包含 11 个条目：第1—11题；逃避应对策略量表包含 17 个条目：第12—28题。

==量表出处==
谢俊，严鸣. (2016). 积极应对还是逃避?, 主动性人格对职场排斥与组织公民行为的影响机制. 心理学报(10) Vol. 48, 13141325
<br>Long, B. C. (1990). Relation between coping strategies, sex-typed traits, and environmental characteristics: a comparison of male and female managers. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 37(37), 185-194.

== 友情提醒 ==
为方便学术研究，根据公开发表的学术成果整理而成，供学者在学术研究中使用， <b><font color="red">商业使用请与原作者联系</font></b>。为了尊重作者的劳动成果， <b><font color="blue">请根据量表出处规范引用</font></b>，谢谢！

[[category: 研究量表]][[category: 中文量表]]