查看“Interpersonal Ties Scale 人际联结量表”的源代码

== 简介 ==
A primary dimension of ties is the strength of ties characterized by the amount of time, emotional intensity, and reciprocal services of social actors in the exchange (Granovetter, 1985). In accordance with Adobor (2006), Granovetter (1973), Marsden and Campbell (1984), and Uzzi (1997), Ying et al. (2016) define dyadic interpersonal ties as a close and symmetric personal relationship generated from social and leisure activities between boundary spanners. Based on this definition and on the work of Ambler, Styles, and Wang (1999), two items were developed to identify the personal ties between boundary spanners at the higher levels (between top executives) and at the lower levels (between salespersons and buyers), measuring degrees of boundary spanners’ involvement in socialization and personal favors.

Ying et al. (2016) used matched survey data from both the manufacturer (supplier) and the distributor (buyer) sides. The data collection consisted of three stages. First, they conducted unstructured personal interviews with 11 senior managers in order to develop an understanding of interpersonal ties and boundary-spanning interactions in the manufacturer- distributor relationships. Second, they developed paired questionnaires in English for both manufacturers and distributors. The English version was translated into Chinese and then back-translated into English, with recognition of the cross-cultural distinctions in the connotation of the equivalent constructs.    
 
Finally, they began dyadic data collection with the distributors, and 900 nationwide distributors was provided by the Haier Group. After three rounds of reminders (by phone, by initial and follow-up emails, and in person), 314 questionnaires were returned, of which 251 were complete. The paired questionnaires were then sent to designated manufacturers that had been selected by the distributors, and 225 completed questionnaires were received from 251 manufacturers—an overall response rate of 25%.

== 信度与效度 ==
Interpersonal ties at the higher level’ Cronbach α :0.73 ; Factor Loading>0.8 ; Rwg:0.85.

Interpersonal ties at the lower level’Cronbach α :0.66 ; Factor Loading>0.8 ; Rwg:0.82.

== 量表 ==
请您根据自己的实际感受和体会，用下面4项描述对您所处的组织进行评价和判断，并在最符合的数字上划○。评价和判断的标准如下： 
1 非常不同意 2 不同意 3 不太确定 5 同意 6 非常同意

1.Leaders of both sides always invite each other to participate in various
activities for socialization.<br>
2.Our leaders and the leaders of our partner call on each other.<br>
3.Staffs from both sides have good personal relationships.<br>
4.Staffs from both sides often spend their spare time together in social.<br>

下载WORD版问卷：[[文件:Its.doc]]

== 计分方法 ==
人际联结量表总共包括4道题，可计算平均分或总分。

== 量表出处 ==
Huang, Y., Luo, Y., Liu, Y., & Yang, Q. (2013). An investigation of interpersonal ties in interorganizational exchanges in emerging markets: a boundary-spanning perspective. Journal of Management, 109(4), 649-655.

[[category: 研究量表]][[category: 英文量表]]